Loneliness is the feeling of lack or loss of companionship, which happens when we have a mismatch between the quantity and quality of social relationships that we have, and those that we want. It is subjective and can often be associated with social isolation, but people can and do feel lonely even when in a relationship or when surrounded by others. 

Feelings of loneliness affect us all at some point. While it's natural to feel lonely from time to time, long-term loneliness can have serious physical and mental health consequences. Several factors leave certain groups of people more vulnerable to loneliness. For instance, people with mental and physical health issues, people with disability or in older age tend to be vulnerable to loneliness.

Loneliness in Older Adults

There is growing concern about people feeling lonely as they grow old. Loneliness in old age can be caused by various factors. Retirement from work, loss of a spouse or partner, decreased mobility, and decreased social contacts can all contribute to feelings of loneliness in old age. 

Older adults who live alone or who lack social support networks are also more likely to experience loneliness. As we age, our social circles can also become smaller due to the loss of friends and family members, making it more challenging to maintain social connections. According to AgeUK, for 3.6 million people aged 65 television is the main form of company.

Apart from this, dealing with physical and mental health issues also promotes the feeling of loneliness in older people. As loneliness itself is a factor contributing towards poor mental health, it can lead to spiralling into poor health with loneliness and health issues feeding into each other. 

Additionally, societal ageism and negative attitudes towards ageing can lead to isolation and loneliness in older adults.

Signs of Loneliness in Older People

It can be challenging to identify the signs of loneliness in older people, as they can often be mistaken for other issues associated with ageing. However, there are several key signs that friends and family members can look out for, including:

• Social withdrawal and a reluctance to engage with others
• A lack of interest in activities that were once enjoyed
• A decline in personal hygiene or self-care
• Sleeping more or less than usual
• Unexplained weight loss or gain
• A loss of appetite
• A negative outlook on life or a sense of hopelessness

Effects of Loneliness on Older People

Loneliness can have serious physical and mental health consequences, including:

• Increased risk of depression and anxiety
• Higher levels of stress and inflammation in the body
• A weakened immune system
• Higher blood pressure and an increased risk of heart disease
• Increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia

How to Reduce Loneliness in Older People

Reducing loneliness in older people can involve a combination of practical and emotional support. Some ways to help include:

• Encouraging regular social interaction with friends and family members
• Providing opportunities for older people to take part in social activities, such as community groups or exercise classes
• Helping older people to access technology to stay connected with others. Explore how PCL Connect can help you maintain better social connections with your elderly loved ones.
  
• Encouraging older people to take part in volunteering or other activities that give them a sense of purpose
• Providing support with practical tasks, such as shopping or gardening
• Encouraging older people to seek professional help if they are struggling with mental health issues

Check out 7 Effective ways to reduce loneliness in elderly adults to learn more.

Social Withdrawal and Isolation: Causes and Effects

Social withdrawal and isolation can be caused by a range of factors, including:

• Physical or cognitive decline
• Bereavement or loss of a partner
• Reduced mobility or access to transportation
• Living in an area with a lack of community services
• Financial constraints or poverty

The effects of social isolation on older people can be devastating, including:

• Increased risk of depression, anxiety, and cognitive decline
• Higher levels of stress and inflammation in the body
• An increased risk of falls and other accidents
• Increased risk of premature death

Conclusion

Loneliness in the elderly is a growing concern, and it is important to take steps to reduce it. Whether it is through social activities, technology, or hobbies, there are many ways to combat loneliness. By staying connected and engaged, the elderly can improve their mental and physical health and enjoy a better quality of life.